Rina Hashimoto, Tomokazu Tamura, Yukio Watanabe, Ayaka Sakamoto, Naoko Yasuhara, Hayato Ito, Masahiro Nakano, Hiromitsu Fuse, Akira Ohta, Takeshi Noda, Yasufumi Matsumura, Miki Nagao, Takuya Yamamoto, Takasuke Fukuhara, Kazuo Takayama (2023) Evaluation of Broad Anti-Coronavirus Activity of Autophagy-Related Compounds Using Human Airway Organoids., Molecular pharmaceutics, Volume 20, Number 4, pp. 2276-87
Published in 2023 Mar 22 (Electronic publication in March 22, 2023, midnight )
(Abstract) To deal with the broad spectrum of coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that threaten human health, it is essential to not only drugs develop that target viral proteins but also consider drugs that target host proteins/cellular processes to protect them from being hijacked for viral infection and replication. To this end, it has been reported that autophagy is deeply involved in coronavirus infection. In this study, we used airway organoids to screen a chemical library of autophagic modulators to identify compounds that could potentially be used to fight against infections by a broad range of coronaviruses. Among the 80 autophagy-related compounds tested, cycloheximide and thapsigargin reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection efficiency in a dose-dependent manner. Cycloheximide treatment reduced the infection efficiency of not only six SARS-CoV-2 variants but also human coronavirus (HCoV)-229E and HCoV-OC43. Cycloheximide treatment also reversed viral infection-induced innate immune responses. However, even low-dose (1 muM) cycloheximide treatment altered the expression profile of ribosomal RNAs; thus, side effects such as inhibition of protein synthesis in host cells must be considered. These results suggest that cycloheximide has broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activity in vitro and warrants further investigation.